Reverend Absalom Jones (1746–1818) stands as a monumental figure in American history, celebrated for his unwavering commitment to abolitionism and his pioneering role within the Prince Hall Freemasonry movement. Born into the bonds of slavery in Sussex County, Delaware, Jones’s journey from enslavement to esteemed leadership exemplifies resilience, faith, and an enduring pursuit of justice.
Early Life and Path to Freedom
At the tender age of sixteen, Jones experienced the harsh realities of slavery when he was separated from his family and relocated to Philadelphia by his new owner. Demonstrating an early thirst for knowledge, he taught himself to read using the Bible and attended a night school for African Americans operated by Quakers. In 1770, he married Mary King, and through diligent effort, he purchased her freedom to ensure their children would be born free—a significant act, as colonial laws dictated that children’s status followed that of their mother. Jones’s persistent appeals to his owner culminated in his own manumission in 1784, marking the beginning of his life as a free man. (Wikipedia)
Abolitionist Endeavors
Jones’s dedication to the abolition of slavery was evident through his proactive initiatives. In 1787, alongside Richard Allen, he co-founded the Free African Society (FAS), a mutual aid organization aimed at providing assistance to newly freed Black individuals in Philadelphia. The FAS not only offered economic and social support but also laid the groundwork for the establishment of independent Black churches, reflecting a broader vision of self-determination and community cohesion. (Wikipedia)
In a bold move against the institutionalized slave trade, Jones, with the support of 70 other free Black men, petitioned the U.S. Congress on December 30, 1799. This petition called for the cessation of the international slave trade, the gradual emancipation of enslaved individuals within the United States, and protections for free Blacks against abduction and illegal enslavement. Although the petition did not achieve immediate legislative success, it underscored the growing activism and organized resistance among African Americans against slavery. (NPS.gov)
Leadership in Faith and Freemasonry
Jones’s spiritual journey led him to become a trailblazer in religious leadership. After experiencing racial discrimination at St. George’s Methodist Episcopal Church, he and Allen established the African Episcopal Church of St. Thomas in 1794, the first Black Episcopal church in the United States. Jones was ordained as a deacon in 1795 and elevated to priesthood in 1802, making him the first African American priest in the Episcopal Church.
Jones’s spiritual journey led him to become a trailblazer in religious leadership. After experiencing racial discrimination at St. George’s Methodist Episcopal Church, he and Allen established the African Episcopal Church of St. Thomas in 1794, the first Black Episcopal church in the United States. Jones was ordained as a deacon in 1795 and elevated to priesthood in 1802, making him the first African American priest in the Episcopal Church.
Parallel to his religious contributions, Jones was instrumental in the advancement of Prince Hall Freemasonry. In 1815, he became the first Grand Master of the First African Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, a position that allowed him to foster leadership, unity, and charitable works within the African American Masonic community. His involvement in Freemasonry provided a structured platform for Black men to engage in social and civic matters, further amplifying their collective voice in the fight against oppression. (NY Public Library)
Legacy
Reverend Absalom Jones’s life is a testament to the transformative power of resilience, education, and faith. His relentless efforts as an abolitionist, spiritual leader, and Freemason not only challenged the societal norms of his time but also laid a robust foundation for future generations in the ongoing quest for equality and justice. As we reflect during Black History Month, Jones’s enduring legacy continues to inspire and guide the path toward a more equitable society.